Санкции против Ирана: уроки для России в новых международных условиях

Авторы

  • Иван Тимофеев МГИМО МИД России, Российская Федерация, 119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76
  • Юлия Сокольщик Российский совет по международным делам, Российская Федерация, 119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский пер., 8
  • Владимир Морозов Российский совет по международным делам, Российская Федерация, 119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский пер., 8

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.404

Аннотация

Эскалация санкционного давления и расширение спектра используемых против России санкций обосновывают важность исследований международного опыта противодействия ограничительным мерам. В статье рассмотрены особенности применения санкций в отношении Ирана, их влияние на экономику государства, а также механизмы и способы его адаптации к ограничительным мерам западных стран. Авторы определяют типологические сходства, ввиду которых изучение иранского опыта значимо для России, и различия, которые заслуживают внимания с точки зрения понимания возможностей России на данном направлении. Иран находится под санкциями уже несколько десятилетий, против него применены масштабные и многочисленные ограничения. Ядерная сделка позволила ослабить санкционное давление лишь на короткий промежуток, доказав, что подобные соглашения об уступках страны-цели в ответ на снятие ограничений государствами-инициаторами не всегда устойчивы. В результате анализа определены основные этапы введения санкций против Ирана. Авторы отмечают тренд на санкции в отношении энергетического и финансового сектора и постоянное его ужесточение, а также расширение числа участников коалиции стран-инициаторов санкций и резолюции Совета Безопасности ООН по мерам в отношении Ирана. Санкции СБ ООН рассматриваются как серьезные меры с точки зрения внешнеполитических последствий. Кроме того, авторами раскрыты ключевые элементы политики Ирана в области противодействия санкциям и адаптации экономики к ним. В качестве таких составляющих указаны меры, связанные со структурными изменениями в экономике, оптимизация социальной сферы, использование несовершенств режимов санкций, диверсификация международных партнеров. Таким образом, опыт Ирана в области адаптации к санкциям можно, скорее, охарактеризовать как успешный и востребованный для России, несмотря на иные стартовые позиции.

Ключевые слова:

санкции, Иран, Совет Безопасности ООН, контрмеры, Россия

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Библиографические ссылки

Литература

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Загрузки

Опубликован

09.02.2023

Как цитировать

Тимофеев, И., Сокольщик, Ю., & Морозов, В. (2023). Санкции против Ирана: уроки для России в новых международных условиях. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения, 15(4), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.404

Выпуск

Раздел

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ И ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ