Малые страны в международных отношениях: некоторые теоретические аспекты
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.301Аннотация
Одна из важных тенденций развития международных отношений второй половины XX — начала XXI вв. — это возрастание значения малых стран в международных отношениях. Из пассивных «пешек» в больших политических играх великих держав они превращаются в активных игроков, способных проводить собственные национальные интересы на международной арене. В период холодной войны европейские нейтральные государства приобрели уникальный опыт плодотворного сотрудничества в международных организациях, мирного посредничества и миротворчества. Многосторонняя дипломатия, отказ от применения силы, стремление к мирному политическому разрешению конфликтов предопределяют в известной степени интерес к изучению опыта малых стран. Снижение способности ведущих великих держав эффективно разрешать конфликты на периферии международной системы, с одной стороны, и с другой — способность малых стран генерировать новые идеи и нормы в международных отношениях — создают предпосылки для дальнейшего возрастания роли малых стран в международных отношениях. Чтобы понять природу международных отношений в целом, формирование и поведение современных коалиций и альянсов в частности, необходимо изучать не только великие державы, но и малые страны, которые составляют подавляющее большинство государств. В данной статье предполагается выявить основные этапы изучения малых стран в международных отношениях, проанализировать основные подходы к определению понятия «малая страна», рассмотреть факторы формирования внешней политики малых стран через призму некоторых теорий международных отношений, выяснить особенности внешнеполитического поведения малых стран в международных отношениях.
Ключевые слова:
малые страны, реализм, неореализм, либеральный неоинституционализм, социальный конструктивизм
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
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Aguis, C., and Devine, K. (2011), Neutrality: A Really Dead Concept? A Revise, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 265–284.
Devine, K. (2008), Stretching the IR Theoretical Spectrum on Irish Neutrality: A critical Social Constructivist Framework, International Political science review, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 461–488.
Goetschel, L. (2011), Neutrals as Brokers of Peacebuilding Ideas?, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 312–333.
Björkdahl, A. (2008), Norm Advocacy: A Small State Strategy to Influence the EU, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 135–154.
Ingebritsen, C. (2002), Norm Enterpreneurs. Scandinavia’s Role in World Politics, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 37, no. 1, p. 11–23.
Aguis, C. (2006), The Social Construction of Sweden Neutrality: Challenges to Sweden sovereignty and neutrality, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Pedersen, R. B. (2012), Danish Foreign Policy Activism: Differences in Kind or Degree?, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 331–349.
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Waltz, K. (1979), Theory of International Politics, New York: McGraw Hill.
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Neumann, I. B., and Gstöhl, S. (2004), Lilliputians in Gulliver’s World? Small States in International Relations, Centre for Small State Studies, Institute for International Affairs, University of Iceland.
Keohane, R. (1969), Lilliputians’ Dilemmas: Small States in International Politics, International Organisation, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 291–310.
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Jesse, N. G., and Dreyer, J. R. (2016), Small States in the International System: at Peace and at War, Lanham: Lexington Books.
Browning, С. (2006), Small, Smart and Salient? Rethinking Identity in the Small States Literature, Cambridge Review of International Relations, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 669–684.
Сhong, A. (2010), Small state soft power strategies: virtual enlargement in the cases of the Vatican City State and Singapore, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 383–405.
Сlarke, C., and Payne, T. (1987), Politics, Security, and Development of Small States, London: Allen & Unwin.
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Fazal, T. (2007), State Death: The Politics and Geography of Conquest, Occupation and Annexation, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Pace, R. (2000), Small states and the Internal balance of the European Union: the perspective of Small States, in: Gower, J., and Redmond, J. (ed.), Enlarging the European Union: The Way Forward, Burlington, VT: Ashgrate, pp.107–109.
Vital, D. (1967), The inequality of States: A study of small power in international relations, Westport, CT: Greenwood press.
Mouritzen, H., and Wivel, A. (2005), The geopolitics of Euro-Atlantic integration. Introduction, London: Routledge.
Mearsheimer, J. (2001), The tragedy of great power politics, New York: Norton.
Elman, M. F. (1995), The foreign policies of small states: challenging neorealism in its own backyard, British journal of political science, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 171–217.
Jesse, N. (2006), Choosing to Go it Alone: Irish Neutrality in Theoretical and Comparative Perspective, International Political Science review, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 7–28.
Dreyer, J., and Jesse, N. (2014), Swiss Neutrality Examined: Model, Exception or Both?, Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 60–83.
Wendt, A. (1999), Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Löden, H. (2012), Reaching a Vanishing Point? Reflection on the Future of neutrality Norms in Sweden and Finland, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 47, no. 2, p. 271–284.
Aguis, C., and Devine, K. (2011), Neutrality: A Really Dead Concept? A Revise, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 265–284.
Devine, K. (2008), Stretching the IR Theoretical Spectrum on Irish Neutrality: A critical Social Constructivist Framework, International Political science review, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 461–488.
Goetschel, L. (2011), Neutrals as Brokers of Peacebuilding Ideas?, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 312–333.
Björkdahl, A. (2008), Norm Advocacy: A Small State Strategy to Influence the EU, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 135–154.
Ingebritsen, C. (2002), Norm Enterpreneurs. Scandinavia’s Role in World Politics, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 37, no. 1, p. 11–23.
Aguis, C. (2006), The Social Construction of Sweden Neutrality: Challenges to Sweden sovereignty and neutrality, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Pedersen, R. B. (2012), Danish Foreign Policy Activism: Differences in Kind or Degree?, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 331–349.
Bergmann, E. (2014), Iceland: A Postimperial Sovereignty Project, Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 33–54.
Novikova, I. N. (2006), “Between the Hammer and the Anvil”: Sweden in the German-Russian confrontation on the Baltic during the First World War, St Petersburg: St Petersburg University Press. (In Russian)
Vihavainen, T. (2006), Does History Play a Role in Finnish-Russian Relations?, in: Smith, H. (ed.), The Two-Level Game: Russia’s Relations with Great Britain, Finland and the European Union, Aleksanteri Series, vol. 2, pp. 27–47.
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
