The emergence of the resilient subject: crisis interaction between state and society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu06.2019.106Abstract
The ecological concept of resilience means the ability of the system to adapt aftershocks. During recent decades, it has been transferred to the social sciences, including the theory of international relations. At the same time, studies of the crisis resilient subject are characterized by an excessive focus on the grassroots civil society initiatives and stigmatization of the governmental component. Building upon the ideas of German political philosopher C. Schmitt, the author proposes an alternative conceptualization of the emergence of a resilient subject. This model includes the sovereign’s Decision, new social normality after the Decision and the public response to it as the key parts. The comparative analysis of news reports is a methodological basis of this research with two natural disasters (Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans 2005 and the Haiti earthquake of 2010) and two series of terrorist attacks (in Barcelona and the United Kingdom in 2017) being the case studies. Special attention to the role of critical infrastructure and fluctuations of public order makes it possible to describe the central place of the governmental component inside the emerging resilient subject. Moreover, a high degree of state capacity in the field of technocratic administration cannot guarantee the emergence of the resilient subject during the crisis. It is impossible to cope with the system challenges without the effective interaction between state and society.
Keywords:
resilience, neoliberal subject, C. Schmitt, disaster response, international terrorism
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References
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Chandler D., Reid J. The neoliberal subject: resilience, adaptation and vulnerability. London, Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016. 210 p.
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Coaffee J., Fussey P. Constructing resilience through security and surveillance: the politics, practices and tensions of security-driven resilience. Security Dialogue, vol. 46, no. 1, 2015, pp. 86–105.
West J. Civic resilience: securing «resilient communities» to prevent terrorism. Routledge Handbook of International Resilience: Policies, Theories and Practices. Eds D.Chandler, J.Coaffee. Abingdon, Routledge, 2016, pp. 318–330.
Chmutina K., Bosher L. Managing disaster risk and resilience in the UK: Response vs. prevention in policy and practice. Routledge Handbook of International Resilience: Policies, Theories and Practices. Eds D.Chandler, J.Coaffee. Abingdon, Routledge, 2016, pp. 267–268.
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Cretney R., Bond S. ‘Bouncing back’ to capitalism? Grass-roots autonomous activism in shaping discourses of resilience and transformation following disaster. Resilience, vol. 2, no. 1, 2014, pp. 18–31.
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Cell phones and radios help save lives after Haiti earthquake. Reuters, 25 January 2010. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-haiti-telecoms/cell-phones-and-radios-help-save-lives-after-haitiearthquake-idUSTRE60O07M20100125?sp=true (accessed: 15.10.2018).
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Kunreuther H. Disaster mitigation and insurance: Learning from Katrina. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 604, no. 1, 2006, pp. 208–227.
Michel-Kerjan E., Kunreuther H. Redesigning flood insurance. Science, vol. 333, no. 6041, 2011, pp. 408–409.
Giroux H.A. Violence, Katrina, and the biopolitics of disposability. Theory, Culture & Society, 2007, vol. 24, no. 7–8, pp. 305–309.
Barcelona terror attack: At least 13 dead after van barrels into pedestrians. CBS News, 17 August 2017. Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/barcelona-terror-attack-van-plows-pedestrians-liveupdates/ (accessed: 15.10.2018).
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‘Resilient Barcelona’ stands up against fear. Deutsche Welle, 18 August 2017. Available at: https://www.dw.com/en/resilient-barcelona-stands-up-against-fear/a-40154526 (accessed: 15.10.2018).
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Parfitt T. How Barcelona police FINALLY tracked down and killed terror attacker Younes Abouyaaqoub. Daily and Sunday Express, 21 August 2017. Available at: https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/843991/Barcelona-terror-Subirats-suicide-belt-police-attack (accessed: 15.10.2018).
Westminster attack: police hunt for clues after four dead in ‘sick and depraved’ incident. The Guardian, 23 March 2017. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/22/parliamentattack-police-officer-four-dead-westminster (accessed: 15.10.2018).
The Kerslake Report: an independent review into the preparedness for, and emergency response to, the Manchester Arena attack on 22-nd May 2017. Kerslake Arena Review, 2017. Available at: https://www.kerslakearenareview.co.uk/media/1022/kerslake_arena_review_printed_final.pdf (accessed: 15.10.2018).
Manchester attack: Terror threat reduced from critical to severe. BBC News, 27 May 2017. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40069959 (accessed: 15.10.2018).
London Bridge: more arrests as police tell how terrorists wanted to use truck. The Guardian, 10 June 2017. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jun/10/worse-terror-attack-onlondon-bridge-foiled-by-chance-police-say (accessed: 15.10.2018).
Ayed N. Resilience of Londoners resurfaces in wake of deadly attack. CBC News, 23 March 2017. Available at: https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/resilience-of-londoners-resurfaces-in-wake-of-deadlyattack-1.4036719 (accessed: 15.10.2018).
Horton H., Day M. Brave Romanian baker hits terrorist over the head with crate before giving 20 terrified people shelter. The Telegraph, 4 June 2017. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/04/brave-baker-hits-terrorist-head-crate-giving-20-terrified-people/ (accessed: 15.10.2018).
Policeman tells how he fought London Bridge attackers with baton. The Guardian International. 28 June 2017. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jun/28/policeman-fought-londonbridge-attackers-baton-wayne-marques (accessed: 15.10.2018).
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