Возникновение стрессоустойчивого субъекта: кризисное взаимодействие государства и общества
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu06.2019.106Аннотация
Понятие стрессоустойчивости, введенное в научный оборот экологом К. Холлингом, означает способность системы адаптироваться после шоков. В последнее время данная концепция активно задействуется представителями социальных наук, в частности политологами и специалистами по теории международных отношений. Вместе с тем исследования кризисного стрессоустойчивого субъекта характеризуются чрезмерным вниманием к низовым инициативам гражданского общества и стигматизацией государственного элемента. Опираясь на работы немецкого политического философа К. Шмитта, автор предлагает альтернативную концептуализацию возникновения стрессоустойчивого субъекта, которая построена на решении суверена, утверждении через этот акт новой нормы и ответа значительной части общества на него. Статья содержит сравнительный анализ новостных сводок кризисного реагирования государства и социума на системные вызовы двух типов. Во-первых, это стихийные бедствия, а именно ураган «Катрина» в Новом Орлеане в 2005 г. и землетрясение на Гаити в 2010 г., а также две серии террористических атак в Барселоне и Великобритании в 2017 г. Фокус на особой роли критической инфраструктуры и метаморфозах общественного порядка позволяет обозначить место государственного элемента в процессе становления стрессоустойчивого субъекта как центральное. Однако высокая степень дееспособности государства в сфере технократического администрирования не является гарантией возникновения стрессоустойчивого субъекта в кризисной ситуации. Адекватный ответ на системные вызовы возможен исключительно в рамках комплексного скоординированного подхода, где государство и общество не противопоставляются, но дополняют друг друга.
Ключевые слова:
стрессоустойчивость, неолиберальный субъект, Карл Шмитт, стихийные бедствия, международный терроризм
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Библиографические ссылки
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
