Цифровизация и угроза дезинформации: современные управленческие практики Европейского союза
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.406Аннотация
Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам цифрового информационного пространства. В ней рассмотрена угроза дезинформации как явление системного характера, свойственное эпохе «информационного беспорядка» и постправды. В работе отражаются основные теоретические представления о системе взаимосвязей между агентами информационного влияния, вовлеченными стейкхолдерами, а также дается оценка потенциальных и существующих мер противодействия дезинформации. Центральное место занимает опыт Евросоюза, отражающий новое явление наднационального регулирования цифровой сферы в вопросах информационных угроз. Целью статьи является комплексное воспроизведение эволюции, ключевых изменений и актуального состояния деятельности Европейского союза в сфере противодействия дезинформации для оценки издержек и преимуществ разрабатываемой политики. В статье отражены такие важные перемены в деятельности Евросоюза, как принятие нового закона о цифровых услугах, применение практики блокировки СМИ, пересмотр более ранних документов, а также переход от практики саморегуляции к совместному регулированию. Основой проведенного анализа являются стратегии, планы действия, резолюции, а также добровольные кодексы, отражающие стратегическое видение, меры и результаты работы различных институтов Евросоюза. Исследование показало, что на текущий момент интеграционное объединение достигло высокого уровня взаимодействия с цифровыми платформами в вопросах борьбы с дезинформацией, при этом сам характер взаимодействия постепенно менялся. Несмотря на центральную роль платформ в политике Евросоюза, он совмещает новые практики совместного управления с выработкой самостоятельного стратегического нарратива и работой с гражданским обществом. Вместе с тем в рамках проводимой политики наблюдается ряд негативных тенденций, включающих политизацию проблемы в контексте геополитических противоречий, стигматизацию источников информационного влияния, а также нехватку внимания к «неполитической» дезинформации. Кроме того, в политике Евросоюза существуют проблемы, связанные с коллизией между отдельными актами, неполной прозрачностью отдельных мер и наличием действий, плохо поддающихся мониторингу и оценке.
Ключевые слова:
Европейский союз, дезинформация, закон о цифровых услугах, постправда, цифровизация
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
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* Признана на территории РФ экстремистской организацией
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* Is recognized in Russian Federation as an extremist organization.
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
