Стратегическое консультирование и институциональное развитие в гуманитарной политике США
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.303Аннотация
Целью данной статьи является анализ американской практики стратегического консультирования и институционального развития (СКИР), предусматривающей направление в зарубежные страны советников, декларируемые задачи которых — укрепление госуправления, создание инфраструктуры, поддержка безопасности и стабильности, развитие образования и здравоохранения, стимулирование экономического роста, оказание гуманитарной помощи. В данной статье на основе структурно-реалистского теоретического подхода анализируется система стратегического консультирования и институционального развития, берущая начало в XIX в. На основе сравнительного анализа демонстрируется, что она направлена на противодействие влиянию конкурирующих стран и повсеместное расширение американского влияния. Автор доказывает, что роль американских советников в продвижении интересов США существенна, а масштабы их деятельности — глобальны: от Украины и Сирии до Сомали и Гаити. Система СКИР институционализирована и тесно связана с другими инструментами американской гуманитарной политики: публичной, научной и культурной дипломатией, образовательными обменами, содействием международному развитию. В исследовании дана оценка американской системы СКИР на основе анализа деятельности профильных министерств и ведомств, аналитических центров внешнеполитической направленности и институтов развития. Автор исходит из гипотезы о том, что практика использования Вашингтоном стратегического консультирования и институционального развития будет расширяться, а ориентация на интересы американской безопасности будет прослеживаться все четче. При этом стратегическое консультирование и институциональное развитие становятся прерогативой Министерства обороны США, которое получает ряд функций Государственного департамента, ограниченного в персонале и ресурсах. В исследовании приводится SWOT-анализ американской системы СКИР, определяется ее целевая аудитория.
Ключевые слова:
стратегическое консультирование, институциональное развитие, национальное строительство, гуманитарная политика, Агентство США по международному развитию, Институт мира
Скачивания
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
