Проблема социального отторжения в странах ЕС: определение и методы измерения
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.205Аннотация
Статья посвящена явлению социального отторжения и политике ЕС по борьбе с данной проблемой. Статья написана на основе анализа работ европейских исследователей, официальных документов ЕС и статистических данных Евростата. Концепция социального отторжения начала активно развиваться во второй половине XX в. и достаточно быстро стала применяться политиками европейских стран для выработки эффективной социальной политики и борьбы с бедностью. «Социальное отторжение» не является синонимом понятия «бедность», так как предлагает комплексное изучение причин бедности в современных развитых обществах и теории, объясняющие причины бедности. Концепция социального отторжения становится инструментом политики, так как она предлагает конкретные направления действий по уменьшению числа бедных и маргинализированных сообществ через систему адресной поддержки, а также действий по уменьшению маргинализации групп и людей, живущих в бедности. В статье представлены методы измерения данного явления, используемые институтами ЕС, для оценки принадлежности индивидов к группе, находящейся в зоне риска бедности и социального отторжения. В России заметен интерес исследователей и официальных кругов к концепции социального отторжения, тестируются способы измерения бедности и социального отторжения с использованием методик, предлагаемых в странах ЕС. Учитывая сложности трансформации социальной политики в современной России, скорее всего, решение проблемы социального отторжения будет оставаться в удаленной перспективе. Тем не менее интерес специалистов российских ведомств и разработка методик измерения бедности с использованием опыта ученых из европейских стран внушают некоторый оптимизм.
Ключевые слова:
социальное отторжение, бедность, Европейский союз, социальная политика
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
