Версальский договор как веха в истории дипломатии контроля над вооружениями
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu06.2019.304Аннотация
Дипломатические формулы и подходы, выработанные в процессе Парижской мирной конференции, впоследствии были в той или иной мере учтены при разработке ряда международных соглашений в сфере ограничения, сокращения и запрещения вооружений, которые в наши дни определяют современную архитектуру международной безопасности. Статья вводит в научный оборот понятие «дипломатия контроля над вооружениями и разоружения» и предлагает анализ положений Версальского договора, касающихся разоружения и контроля над вооружениями, с точки зрения того, какую оценку этот опыт Версальской конференции получил в среде международников, а также других специалистов, занимающихся проблемами контроля над вооружениями и международной безопасности. Отсылки к опыту Версальского договора 1919 г. можно обнаружить в дискуссиях вокруг разработки Женевского протокола 1925 г. и применительно к многосторонним переговорам 1970-1990-х годов, которые привели к разработке Конвенции о запрещении биологического и токсинного оружия 1972 г., а также Конвенции по запрещению химического оружия 1993 г. В Версальском договоре была заложена основа концепции всеобщего разоружения. После Второй мировой войны эта концепция получила дальнейшее развитие и была интегрирована в международные соглашения по ограничению или запрещению различных видов вооружений. В ходе разработки и реализации военных положений Версальского договора был аккумулирован ценный опыт в вопросах контроля за соблюдением соглашений по контролю над вооружениями и принуждения к исполнению обязательств по договорам о разоружении или сокращении вооружений. Этот опыт был учтен при разработке Устава ООН, а также при конструировании международных режимов нераспространения оружия массового уничтожения и средств его доставки. Опыт Парижской мирной конференции способствовал совершенствованию понятийного аппарата и инструментария дипломатии разоружения и остается важным элементом институциональной памяти дипломатии разоружения и контроля над вооружениями. Этот опыт по-прежнему актуален для современной дипломатии разоружения и контроля над вооружениями.
Ключевые слова:
разоружение, контроль над вооружениями, дипломатия, международная безопасность, Версальский договор, Парижская мирная конференция
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
