Международные факторы демократизации постсоветских государств: применение качественного сравнительного анализа

Авторы

  • Руслан Мухаметов Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина, Российская Федерация, 620083, Екатеринбург, пр. Ленина, 51

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.403

Аннотация

Почему некоторые посткоммунистические страны становятся демократическими, а другие — нет? Какие трансграничные условия необходимы для становления демократического режима в этом регионе? Большинство исследователей считает, что установление демократии обусловлено социально-экономическими факторами, политической культурой или политические изменения происходят по счастливой случайности. Статья посвящена изучению влияния международных факторов. Целью работы является выявление основных интернациональных детерминант, которые способствуют демократизации и консолидации демократии в постсоветских государствах. Автор проверяет влияние теории территориального мира, международного демократического окружения, членства в региональной демократической межправительственной организации, региональной державы-автократии, а также внешнеэкономической деятельности. Для поиска ответа на исследовательский вопрос в настоящей работе используется качественный сравнительный анализ нечетких множеств (fsQCA). В результате проведенного исследования были определены четыре внешних условия, необходимых для установления и/или укрепления демократии. Показано, что отсутствие как милитаризированного межгосударственного спора, так и членства государства в евразийских межправительственных организациях положительным образом влияет на консолидацию демократического режима. Автор утверждает, что присутствие в западных политико-экономических интеграционных структурах и преобладание европейского направления во внешней торговле также выступают важными условиями. Переход к демократии и ее укрепление в посткоммунистических странах экзогенно обусловлен, региональный и/или международный контекст имеют значение.

Ключевые слова:

посткоммунистическое пространство, постсоветское пространство, демократия, демократизация, транзитология, теория территориального мира, международные организации, качественный сравнительный анализ

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Библиографические ссылки

Литература

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Опубликован

29.02.2024

Как цитировать

Мухаметов, Р. (2024). Международные факторы демократизации постсоветских государств: применение качественного сравнительного анализа. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения, 16(4), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.403

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Раздел

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ