Внутриполитическая борьба в Британии по вопросам формирования внешнеполитического курса после Брекзита

Авторы

  • Елена Ананьева Институт Европы РАН, Российская Федерация, 125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 11/3

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.103

Аннотация

Референдум 2016 г. не принес решающего перевеса ни сторонникам (бремейнерам), ни противникам (брекзитерам) членства Британии в Европейском союзе, что привело к острому их противостоянию и длительному политическому кризису в Соединенном Королевстве. Цель исследования — определить влияние и последствия борьбы соперничающих сил в ведущих партиях Британии — Консервативной и Лейбористской — в отношении их курса по основным вопросам внешней политики Британии после парламентских выборов 2019 г. и выхода Британии из ЕС. Борьба соперничающих сил идет сквозь линии меж- и внутрипартийного размежевания, а ее методы выходят за рамки традиций и неписаных правил, ранее принятых в политической культуре Соединенного Королевства. Жесткая борьба по внешнеполитическим вопросам тесно увязана с внутренней политикой. Победа Консервативной партии на выборах 2019 г. обеспечила принятие парламентом законов, усиливающих исполнительную власть в ущерб законодательной и судебной (выступавших на стороне бремейнеров). В статье представлен анализ методов, которые применяли брекзитеры и бремейнеры, чтобы ослабить друг друга, усложняя отношения с США и ЕС, принося двусторонние отношения с Россией в жертву своим узкопартийным интересам. Материалом для анализа послужили официальные документы правительства, парламента, партий и материалы СМИ. Противостояние продолжается, ввергая Британию в новый виток политического и экономического кризиса, что ставит под вопрос амбициозные цели «Глобальной Британии».

Ключевые слова:

Великобритания, Брекзит, ЕС, США, Россия, Консервативная партия, Лейбористская партия, выборы, референдум, Шотландия, Северная Ирландия

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Опубликован

23.03.2023

Как цитировать

Ананьева, Е. (2023). Внутриполитическая борьба в Британии по вопросам формирования внешнеполитического курса после Брекзита. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Международные отношения, 16(1), 40–66. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.103

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АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ